CLINICAL PHENOMENOLOGY OF ANXIETY-DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS CONSIDERING MODERN PATHOMORPHOSIS*

The aim — improve the comprehension of the variants of the course and improve the quality of existing approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders. A literature and patent search was conducted in scientific sources, scientіfic metric databases and other information resources. It is known that among patients seeking outpatient psychiatric care, 19.2 % are diagnosed with one of the isolated anxiety disorders, 10.3 % — are diagnosed with a depressive disorder, 42.3 % — with a mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and 28.2 % — with comorbid anxiety disorder and depression. Disorders of the mental sphere in extreme conditions have much in common with clinical disorders that develop in ordinary conditions. Nonetheless, there are significant differences between them. Firstly, due to the number of suddenly acting psychotraumatic factors, mental disorders occur simultaneously in a large number of people. Secondly, the clinical picture in these cases is not strictly individual, as in ordinary psychotraumatic circumstances, and is reduced to a small number of fairly typical manifestations. In the context of hostilities, catastrophes and natural disasters, neuropsychiatric disorders manifest themselves in a wide range: from maladjustment and neurotic reactions to reactive psychotic states. Their severity depends on many factors: age, gender, level of previous social adaptation; individual characteristic features; additional aggravating factors at the time of the disaster. Modern psychotraumatic factors play a significant role in the onset of anxiety and depressive disorders and are defined by pathomorphosis, which requires continuous improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The practical significance of this topic lies in the fact that scientifically based results would allow us to recommend the implementation of the developed tactics for the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in the practice of doctors.