A Review on various synthesis routes of Carbon Dots)

Carbon dots (CDs), discovered in 2004, have gained significant attention in the field of carbon nanomaterials. Researchers have explored various synthesis methods, focusing on simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. The photoluminescence mechanisms of CDs have been extensively studied, revealing key factors such as molecular state, surface state, and carbon core state. Due to their excellent optical properties, biocompatibility, catalytic activity, and small size, CDs have been widely applied in fields like catalysis, biomedicine, optoelectronics, and sensing. This overview highlights the development of CD synthesis strategies, discusses potential and challenges, and aims to inspire researchers to address technical hurdles and fully harness the potential of CDs.