Development of a Logical-Structural Approach to the Process of Economic Structural Transformation

In the context of rapid globalization, technological progress, and increasing integration trends in the global economy, structural transformation processes are becoming more complex and dynamic. Effective management of these changes is a key factor in ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy, enhancing its competitiveness, and adapting to new challenges. Therefore, the development of a logical-structural approach to the analysis and modeling of economic structural transformation is gaining importance, as it enables a comprehensive consideration of intersectoral linkages, as well as technological, institutional, and social factors. The aim of this study is to develop a logical-structural approach to the process of economic structural transformation, taking into account sectoral, institutional, social, and globalization-related factors to improve the effectiveness of economic policy. The article considers the process of economic structural transformation as a multifactorial, systemic, and long-term process of changing the internal structure of the national economy aimed at increasing its efficiency, adaptability, and resilience. A review of modern theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of structural change has allowed for the substantiation of a logical-structural approach to analyzing the transformation process. This approach integrates sectoral, institutional, social, and globalization factors and can serve as the foundation for effective public policy. Examples of successful structural changes are presented, such as South Korea’s transition from an agrarian to a high-tech economy driven by industrial policy, investment in R&D, and education. In contrast, most African countries demonstrate slow and fragmented transformation dynamics due to institutional weaknesses, infrastructural constraints, and raw material dependency. The study of structural transformations revealed the link between macroeconomic stability and the depth of reforms, as well as the role of structural policy as a tool for long-term growth. It is emphasized that structural transformation is a necessary condition for the transition to a model of sustainable and inclusive development.