An Integrated Risk Assessment Framework for Construction Sites Using Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP and Classic/Fuzzy Fine-Kinney Method

The construction industry demonstrates heightened occupational hazard exposure due to the confluence of multifaceted operational processes, variable workplace dynamics, and statistically significant accident occurrence rates. Effective risk assessment is therefore critical for improving workplace safety and guiding preventive actions. This study proposes an integrated risk assessment framework that combines the classical and fuzzy Fine-Kinney methods with the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (PFAHP). The key contributions are: (i) identification of 26 hazards across four operational areas (office, storage, transportation, and pressure testing), (ii) incorporation of activity-specific weights using PFAHP, and (iii) comparative evaluation of classical vs. fuzzy Fine-Kinney scores. The results demonstrate that fuzzy-based evaluations significantly change hazard rankings (e.g., office fire hazard moved from 8th to 2nd), while PFAHP weighting shifts the relative importance of operational domains. These findings highlight the advantages of combining uncertainty modeling and activity-based weighting to achieve more context-aware risk prioritization. The proposed method provides a practical and scalable framework for occupational health and safety risk evaluation in high-risk industries.