Transforming Carbon Markets Using Blockchain, AI, and IoT

There is increasing importance placed on carbon trading as a global mechanism in mitigating climate change; higher transparency, efficiency, and fraud prevention must occur in carbon markets. This paper attempts to explore the possibility of integration in carbon market operations involving Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and IoT. A hybrid research approach, including both case studies and quantitative analysis, supports the conclusions that blockchain prevents fraud, AI optimises trading mechanisms, and IoT can support real-time emissions tracking. Further, the framework proposed here has the scalability, security, and efficiency of the carbon trading system. Policy recommendations and areas of future research into interoperability and regulatory challenges are identified.