THE INSTITUTION OF THE PRESIDENCY IN UKRAINE: CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR REFORM

The article examines the constitutional foundations of the presidency in Ukraine and outlines the prospects for its reform in the context of current political and legal challenges. The relevance of the study is stipulated by the need to improve the balance of powers in a parliamentary-presidential republic, to strengthen democratic control over the activities of the Head of State and to ensure the stability of the constitutional order. The purpose of the study is to analyze the constitutional status of the President of Ukraine, his powers and interaction with other state authorities, and to identify areas for possible reforms based on national experience and European standards. The methodological basis is formed by systemic, comparative legal, historical and legal, and formal legal methods which allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the presidency and the practice of its functioning. As a result, it is established that the institution of the presidency in Ukraine is in a state of functional imbalance, which is manifested in the instability of the form of government, contradictions in the distribution of powers and political conflict. The experience of other countries, in particular France, Poland and Lithuania, shows that mixed models can function effectively provided that the role of the president in the system of government is clearly regulated. The author concludes that it is expedient to carry out a constitutional reform aimed at improving the institution of the presidency by clarifying its powers, introducing effective accountability mechanisms and ensuring institutional balance in the system of state power.