Online Coordination of Electric Vehicle Charging for Balanced Operating Profit and User Dissatisfaction

This paper investigates the charging scheduling problem for electric vehicles (EVs) among charging stations. Firstly, the charging scheduling problem is formulated as a feasibility problem, ensuring compliance with pre-departure energy requirements while considering constraints on charging rate and total power consumption. Subsequently, the feasibility problem is transformed into an online single-time-slot optimization problem to achieve the trade-off between the profits of the charging station operators and the charging satisfaction for the users, without the knowledge of future arrivals and demands of EVs. Finally, a real-time centralized scheduling algorithm is proposed, which can provide an optimal solution for the formulated problem. Additionally, a hierarchical scheduling algorithm is given to address the power limitations of the charging station with reduced computation complexity, minimum data transmission rate. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods.