Signal selection and model-independent extraction of the neutrino neutral-current single
This article presents a study of single $π^+$ production in neutrino neutral-current interactions (NC1$π^+$) using the FGD1 hydrocarbon target of the ND280 detector of the T2K experiment. We report the largest sample of such events selected by any experiment, providing the first new data for this channel in over four decades and the first using a sub-GeV neutrino flux. The signal selection strategy and its performance are detailed together with validations of a robust cross section extraction methodology. The measured flux-averaged integrated cross-section is $ σ= (6.07 \pm 1.22 )\times 10^{-41} \,\, \text{cm}^2/\text{nucleon}$, 1.3~$σ~$ above the NEUT v5.4.0 expectation.
Authors
- A. Weber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7613-0018)
- Yuta Kawamura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0367-8493)
- S.C. Joshi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0713-7361)
- Lucile Mellet
- T. Holvey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2473-938X)
- M. R. Vagins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-0480)
- N. Kishore Babu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0591-0738)
- M. Lawe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-5972)
- Prokar Dasgupta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8690-0445)
- Adrien Blanchet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4992-0161)
- Yuta Kudo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1586-2004)
- D. Barrow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-709X)
- A. Izmaylov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-2362)
- A. Rychter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9666-5394)
- Ryuji Okazaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-7527)
- D. Sgalaberna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6205-5013)
- A. Dergacheva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-4234)
- Rajat Banerjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-7210)
- S. Bordoni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-9614)
- Anne Chalumeau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-1401)
- R. Kurjata (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-910X)
- D. Douqa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8245-7618)
- L. Bathe-Peters (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4861-6192)
- T. Wąchała (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-0429)
- M Yokoyama
- Yuji Furui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-6367)
- L. Koch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-7461)
- Y. Hayato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-5038)
- Daisuke Wakabayashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2623-5735)
- L. Kneale (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-1244)
- J. Łagoda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-6100)
- V. Mikola (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1974-0012)
- G. Barr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-1882)
- Kendall Mahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-5928)
- J. P. McKean (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1787-9552)
- P. Govindaraj (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2389-0953)
- M. Batkiewicz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-9363)
- W. Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-3409)
- T. Nosek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8829-5605)
- T. Arihara
- Takashi Honjo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-1266)
- Ryusaku Matsumoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7191-5326)
- S Dolan
- T Schefke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-8276)
- Hao Zhong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-5521)
- Y. Noguchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-3127)
- J. Kisiel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-3307)
- M Kawaue
- T. Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-2070)
- G. Eurin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4511-3960)
- Takahiko Matsubara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-5782)
- J. E. Elias (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-4124)
- Y. Nagai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1792-5005)
- N. Skrobova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0783-6655)
- S. Miki
- J. F. Laporte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-5314)
- N Latham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-8013)
- V. Kurochka
- H. Sekiya
- S Tairafune
- J. T. Sobczyk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-2919)
- H. Tanigawa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-9985)
- T. Sekiya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-9000)
- S. Roth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-2223)
- Y. Nishimura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-067X)
- S. Alonso Monsalve (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-7121)
- Paul Bates (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9192-9963)
- S Moriyama
- S. Arimoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6722-1321)
- J. Chakrani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-1010)
- D. Henaff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-3091)
- K. Sakashita (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2602-7837)
- Jun Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2149-9691)
- P. Morrison (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-8549)
- M. Grassi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-6736)
- K. Hosokawa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-3629)
- C. M. Schloesser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3372-6268)
- M. Nakahata (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-9080)
- D. Fedorova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-4144)
- A. Suzuki
- Julie Y. Ji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1403-5963)
- A. Minamino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-7106)
- G. De Rosa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2197-511X)
- L. Munteanu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2074-8898)
- L. Wan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5524-6137)
- A. Bubak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7643-1534)
- K. Lachner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7615-4052)
- F. Pupilli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-7933)
- Nobuhiko Onda
- S. Karpova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4081-7632)
- W. Saenz
- K. Skwarczynski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6967-9715)
- C. Forza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9260-2354)
- B. Popov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-9301)
- E. Villa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-9022)
- S. Abe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2110-5130)
- Y. S. Prabhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-0573)
- M Shiozawa
- Baowen Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-520X)
- T. Katori (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-9482)
- V. Berardi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-4568)
- J. Kameda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-2402)
- Y. Takeuchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-0533)
- Alfonso Muñoz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3347-6518)
- Tokonatsu Yamamoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-8203)
- Michael Pfaff
- Y. Nakano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1572-3888)
- C. Riccio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-1635)
- Y. Satou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3627-0435)
- M. Martini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4823-639X)
- T. Dealtry (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-9444)
- S. Manly (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8311-7815)
- T. Tsukamoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1600-6303)
- C. Dalmazzone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-5845)
- S. King (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4066-0639)
- Mário Lachat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-2110)
- K. Gorshanov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7912-5962)
- A. Shaikhiev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2921-8743)
- D. D’Ago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1837-6351)
- D. Ferlewicz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4374-1234)
- S. Cao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-5324)
- K. Nakagiri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8393-1289)
- D. Leon Silverio
- A. Zalewska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-055X)
- E. Kearns (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-150X)
- K Dygnarowicz
- N. Thamm (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0313-5931)
- Randall J. Harris
- E. Radicioni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-1067)
- C. Wilkinson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-7548)
- X.-G. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3077-1805)
- Hari Prasad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0486-1919)
- M Mandal
- T. Hasegawa
- A. Klustová (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-0753)
- V. Kiseeva
- D Carabadjac
- G. Erofeev
- W. Okinaga
- N. Baudis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-8226)
- I. Heitkamp
- K. A. Apte
- J. Mirabito
- H. Alarakia-Charles
- Y. I. Alj Hakim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9065-1303)
- M. Kolupanova
- L. Osu
- A. J. Portocarrero Yrey
- Y. Stroke
- Lei Feng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2963-5336)
- Jiawen Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-7014)
- H. Kakuno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-6055)
- E. Rondio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2607-4820)
- C. Jesús-Valls (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-2456)
- A. Eguchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-8656)
- A. Langella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6273-3558)
- Y. Kudenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-9426)
- H. Zheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5509-4970)
- C. Wret (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2288-7605)
- M. Ziembicki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-8926)
- S. Bhattacharjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5099-7070)
- Ying Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-1155)
- A. Ershova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6335-2343)
- Noriko Yoshimura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9206-4658)
- H. T. Wallace
- G Zarnecki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-2652)
- U. Virginet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8697-7378)
- G. Collazuol (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7876-6124)
- N. Ospina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8404-1808)
- F. Di Lodovico (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-2175)
- Meng Jia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-0909)
- G. Anthony Reina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9259)
- Igor Vasilyev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-4586)
- Y. Nakajima (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-5216)
- T. Lux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-0856)
- V.V. Tereshchenko
- Armando Lopes Moreno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1065-5863)
- K. Mavrokoridis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-4519)
- B. Radics (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8978-1725)
- S. Mine
- D. Last
- M Ishitsuka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-4481)
- L Ludovici
- A. Chvirova
- O. Mineev
- H. Sobel
- Y. Yoshimoto
- L Pickering
- A Shvartsman
- B. Quilain
- M. Mezzetto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-3340)
- Y Uchida
- A. C. Germer
- L Magaletti
- C. Giganti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-2345)
- K. Kowalik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-714X)
- A Mefodiev
- M. Tzanov
- Y. Fujii
- M. Lamers James (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4138-6654)
- M Feltre
- D. Smyczek
- Tomislav Vladisavljevic (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-305X)
- S. L. Cartwright
- M. Khabibullin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5428-0464)
- A Takeda
- Y. Kataoka
- T. Ishida
- M Smy
- S Zsoldos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3298-6593)
- S. Aoki
- F Sánchez
- L. Russo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4094-8392)
- T. Nakaya
- K Scholberg
- R Akutsu
- M Scott
- T Sekiguchi
- J. Zalipska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1763-7959)
- T. Nakadaira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-7598)
- N. V. Tran
- K. Yamamoto
- J. Dumarchez
- O. Drapier
- M. Tada
- M. Friend
- L. Labarga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6395-9142)
- P. Jonsson
- V. Glagolev
- G. Vasseur
- C. Mauger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8674-5964)
- C. Bronner
- M. Laveder
- K. Okumura
- V. Matveev
- L. O’Sullivan
- K. Wood
- L. Berns
- M. Gonin
- A. Rubbia
- M Kabirnezhad
- Y Oyama
- C Densham
- S. Emery-Schrenk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3048-8265)
- A. Longhin
- T. Kutter
- Y. Seiya
- T. Daret (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5429-8311)
- C. Lin
- D. Munford
- C. Davis
- J. Pasternak
- J. Xia
- T. Kikawa
- D. Wark
- Y Koshio
- M. Zito
- K Nakayoshi
- L. Anthony
- A. Khotjantsev
- K. Ieki
- V. Paolone
- J. Holeczek
- Lluisa Maria Mir Martínez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6307-1418)
- M. P. Casado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-5646)
- T. Arai
- S. Kodama
- R. Zaki
- S. Nakayama
- Richard Ramsden
- M Miura
- N. McCauley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-5125)
- R Spina
- N. Roy
- В. А. Баранов
- M. Ikeda
- S Levorato
- T Yano
- K. Abe
- G. Lopez
- A. Holin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7758-8047)
- M. Varghese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6123-6223)
- Yosuke Fukuda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0201-8541)
- T. Okusawa
- A. Blondel
- S. Han
- M Guigue
- S. Fedotov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7275-0867)
- S Bolognesi
- A Konaka
- U Yevarouskaya
- H. Kobayashi
- M. Reh
- Y. Hino
- A. Cudd
- R. Wendell
- Yoshimitsu Shiraishi
- M. Posiadała-Zezula (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5154-5348)
- S. Hassani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-5110)
- M. Buizza Avanzini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-7572)
- N. Yershov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7405-1770)
- S. Nishimori (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-0938)
- D. Seppala
- Ajit M. Srivastava (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0279-3975)
- L. Giannessi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-7116)
- F. Cormier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8562-6832)
Institutions
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (FR)
- CEA Paris-Saclay (FR)
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (FR)
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (FR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- ArXiv.org
- Published
- 2025-01-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2026-00955
- Primary Topic
- Neutrino Physics Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00