A Multi-Dimensional Synthesis of Factors Influencing E-Learning Continuance Intention: A Systematic Review

Aim/Purpose: This systematic literature review seeks to synthesize and examine the key factors shaping learners’ willingness to persist in e-learning courses. Background: The proliferation of online learning, particularly Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and various Learning Management Systems (LMS), has made it a central element of higher education and vocational training. However, despite advantages such as flexibility and accessibility, low continuance intention and poor course completion rates remain persistent challenges in the online learning domain. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted, synthesizing findings from 21 recent studies published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2019 and 2024. Contribution: Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, this study identifies several dimensions of influencing factors, including technological aspects, individual characteristics, instructional elements, and environmental and social contexts. Findings: The findings indicate that learner satisfaction and perceived usefulness are key mediators between technological quality, individual traits, and continuance intention. Moreover, the use of targeted instructional strategies (such as personalized feedback and real-world case applications) and the integration of emerging technologies, including gamification and artificial intelligence, positively affect learners’ engagement. Recommendations for Practitioners: The results of this review offer practical insights for course developers and platform designers, supporting the optimization of online learning experiences to enhance long-term learner participation and academic outcomes. Recommendation for Researchers: It provided a deep understanding of the attributes of e-learning. Learners’ intrinsic motivation, personalized learning support, and timely feedback, fostering positive student-instructor and peer interactions, are key factors in e-learning. Impact on Society: Adequate technical, resource, and policy support should be provided to encourage instructors to innovate teaching methods and create favorable learning environments for learners. Future Research: Future research should continue to deepen the understanding of diverse influencing factors and their interactions. At the same time, the practical effects and ethical implications of emerging technologies, such as AI, VR/AR, and learning analytics in sustaining online learning engagement, should be further examined.