Research Progress on IgA Nephropathy based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory

This article systematically reviews the research progress on the application of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theories in the treatment of IgA Nephropathy (IgAN), focusing on the guiding value and practical application of the Collateral Disease Theory, Xuanfu Theory, and Nutrient-Qi and Defense-Qi Theory. As a common primary glomerular disease, the pathogenesis and progression of IgAN are closely related to the dysfunction of qi and blood and the impairment of zang-fu organs. The Collateral Disease Theory elucidates the core pathogenesis of renal collateral damage and blood stasis obstructing the collaterals from the perspective of “prolonged illness entering the collaterals,” providing a basis for the use of the method of promoting blood circulation to remove collateral obstructions. The Xuanfu Theory focuses on the abnormal opening and closing of qi and fluid pathways, offering a new perspective for regulating water metabolism and the distribution of essence-qi at a micro-level. The Nutrient-Qi and Defense-Qi Theory, from the aspects of harmonizing qi and blood and strengthening the defensive exterior, reveals the intrinsic link between immune dysregulation and pathological damage. Studies have shown that TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment guided by these theories demonstrate unique advantages in reducing proteinuria, protecting renal function, and modulating immunity. This article aims to provide theoretical reference and conceptual insights for the integrated prevention and treatment of IgAN using both Chinese and Western medicine.