Implementación de la metodología STEAM para el fortalecimiento de los procesos cognitivos en la educación

This study analyzed the implementation of the STEAM methodology as a strategy to strengthen cognitive processes in middle-level students. The objective was to evaluate the impact of this methodology on skills such as sustained attention, working memory, metacognition, self-regulation, and critical thinking. A quantitative approach was used with a sample of 22 students, calculated from a population of 114 using a finite population statistical formula. Structured observation instruments and questionnaires were applied, and results were represented through figures and comparative tables. Findings revealed that over 80% of students improved in skills such as information retention, problem-solving, decision-making, and adaptation to new challenges. Particularly notable was the enhancement of working memory (88%) and concentration (85%). These outcomes are theoretically supported by the constructivist approaches of Piaget and Vygotsky, as well as by neuroeducation, by promoting meaningful and collaborative learning experiences. It is concluded that the STEAM methodology effectively stimulates higher-order cognitive functions and key 21st-century skills, establishing itself as an innovative alternative to address the challenges of the current educational system. Sustained application is recommended, along with appropriate teacher training and didactic resources to ensure its effectiveness.