Preparation technology and research progress of TiB ₂ ‐reinforced ultrahigh strength steel matrix composites: A review

Abstract To address the extreme service performance demands of aerospace heat‐resistant components, wear‐resistant tools, and marine corrosion‐resistant structures, metal matrix ceramics have emerged as a major international research focus due to their stable crystal structures, high hardness, exceptional corrosion, and heat resistance. This study systematically analyzes the correlation between preparation processes and the formation mechanisms of interfacial compounds, interatomic bonding mechanisms, and resultant mechanical properties in TiB 2 ‐reinforced ultrahigh strength steel matrix composites. It further reveals the regulatory effects of atomic‐scale interfacial dislocation evolution and elemental segregation on toughening mechanisms. By establishing a cross‐scale evolution model of the cast‐infiltrated interface phase composition, the phase evolution behavior during the liquid–solid phase transition in TiB 2 /steel composites is elucidated. Surface modification and gradient structure design as effective interfacial bonding enhancement strategies are critically assessed. Based on this comprehensive analysis, the paper concludes with perspectives on future research directions for TiB 2 ‐reinforced steel matrix composites.