Factors associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with primary myocardial infarction

Objective: based on the data from the total register of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Krasnodar Territory, identify the factors associated with reduced LV EF in patients with primary acute myocardial infarction (MI). Materials and methods: a retrospective study was conducted on 5,655 patients with primary MI included in the total ACS registry in the Krasnodar Territory from 2022 to 2024. The study examined the relationship between LV EF and the clinical, anamnestic, and diagnostic data of the patients. LV EF values were assessed using the Simpson method before discharge from the hospital or earlier in case of hospital-acquired death. Depending on the LV EF, all patients were divided into groups with low (≤ 40 %) LV EF (n = 1125), moderately low (41-49 %) LV EF (n = 1258), and preserved (≥ 50 %) LV EF (n = 3272). Results: the data of 5,655 patients included in the total ACS registry in the Krasnodar Territory for the period from 2022 to 2024 were analyzed. Factors such as a history of smoking, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and peripheral atherosclerosis, increased troponin, creatinine > 130 mmol/l, and glucose > 15 mmol/l upon admission according to laboratory blood tests, and ST segment elevation and the formation of a pathological Q wave on an electrocardiogram, as well as acute heart failure (AHF) of class II–IV according to Killip and the presence of early complications of MI were identified as predictors of a decrease in LVEF in patients with primary MI. Conclusions: presence of smoking, chronic kidney disease, arterial hypertension and peripheral atherosclerosis in the anamnesis, increase in troponin, creatinine > 130 μmol/L and glucose > 15 mmol/L, ST segment elevation, formation of pathological Q-wave, the phenomena of OSN II–IV class according to Killip, and the presence of early complications are associated with a decrease in LV EF in patients with MI.