Prevalence Rate of Epilepsy among the Patients Attending the General Dhamar Hospital During the Period from 2020-2023

Background: Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder, but data on its characteristics and regional variations are scarce in many parts of the world. This study focuses on Dhamar Governorate, Yemen, a region lacking sufficient information about epilepsy. Understanding the prevalence, age-of-onset patterns, gender distribution, and treatment practices for epilepsy in this area is crucial for improving public health efforts. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, age-of-onset patterns, gender distribution, and treatment practices for epilepsy in this region. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed medical records of patients attending General Dhamar Hospital from 2020- 2023. Data on age, gender, residence, epilepsy duration, type, and treatment were collected and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Ethical approval was obtained from Thamar University Medical Ethics Committee (TUMEC). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study, but data confidentiality was assured. Results: The study revealed an age-specific prevalence pattern, with the highest concentration of cases (46.1%) in the 20-40- year age group. Males exhibited a higher prevalence (56%) compared to females (44%). Regarding onset, a two-peak pattern emerged, with childhood (44.9%) and adolescence (24.8%) carrying the highest burdens. Geographically, the prevalence varied significantly, with Dhamar City, Ans, Al-Hada, and Maghirib Ans showing the highest rates. Carbamazepine was the most commonly used medication (74.8%), followed by sodium valproate (19.6%). Conclusion: Epilepsy is a significant public health concern in Dhamar Governorate, with substantial geographical variations observed. The study highlights potential influences of age, gender, and geographical factors on epilepsy prevalence and treatment patterns. Further investigation is warranted to explore the underlying causes of these disparities and optimize treatment strategies in the region.