Preliminary evidence for high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation effects on white matter microstructure and executive function in mild cognitive impairment

The findings suggest that HD-tDCS targeting the L-DLPFC may promote microstructural remodeling in white matter tracts, evidenced by elevated fractional anisotropy within the corticospinal and anterior thalamic pathways. While global cognitive measures remained stable, a trend toward improved executive function (TMT-B) was observed, potentially associated with left ATR fractional anisotropy enhancement. This positions HD-tDCS as a candidate neuromodulatory intervention for MCI, warranting further investigation to confirm functional outcomes.