An Analytical Framework for Determining the Minimum Size of Highly Miniaturized Satellites: PlanarSats

This paper introduces a power-driven systems engineering methodology for the early-phase design of highly miniaturized satellites: PlanarSats. We derive an analytical framework linking power requirements, contingency policies, solar-cell performance, and subsystem integration to determine the absolute minimum satellite size. Through idealized and detailed case studies, we explore the trade-offs inherent in subsystem selection and integration constraints. Sensitivity analysis identifies critical factors affecting minimum area and operational envelopes. Our framework provides a clear tool for balancing functionality, reliability, and physical limits in next-generation ultra-small satellite missions.