Comparative Analysis of Tri-Band Payload Utilization in Satellite Access Node for Future 5G NTN

One of the most important socio-technical promises of these advancements is the elimination of the digital divide, ensuring that even the most remote and underserved regions have access to modern digital infrastructure. However, deploying traditional terrestrial cellular networks in such areas is often economically infeasible and logistically challenging due to factors such as low population density, difficult terrain, and lack of sup-porting infrastructure. This paper explores the use of 5G frequency bands (n254, n255, n256) for a tri-band payload in Satellite Access Node (SAN) designed for next-generation IoT and D2D non-terrestrial networks (NTN). A comparative analysis is conducted to examine key challenges, including spectrum coexistence with incumbent systems, Doppler effects, and signal propagation characteristics for each band. Additionally, the study eval-uates regulatory hurdles associated with obtaining access to these frequencies. An expert assessment is provided for each factor, measuring its impact on IoT service delivery in NTN. Finally, an overall classification is assigned to each band based on a three-tier ranking system: high, mid, or low.