Modern aspects of the development of bioadhesive dosage forms for the oral cavity (review)

The creation of dosage forms with the ability to bioadhesive is an urgent direction in the development of pharmaceutical technology. This review systematizes modern developments of bioadhesive drugs for use in the oral cavity, including films, gels, tablets and micro-/nanoparticles. Special attention is paid to bioadhesive polymers, their systematization and description of properties and methods of inclusion in the composition of dosage forms. The key aspects of the structure of the oral mucosa that determine the effectiveness of bioadhesion and methods for measuring mucoadhesive properties (in vitro and in vivo), including stretching tests, rheological methods, the use of flow systems, etc. are considered. Examples of commercial drugs available on the Russian market and variants of formulations of dosage forms described in scientific publications are given. The review also addresses the issue of standardization of testing methods for these dosage forms, including the use of synthetic and natural mucosal analogues. In general, the development of bioadhesive medicines for the oral cavity opens up new opportunities for the treatment of local and systemic diseases, combining ease of use, prolonged effect and reduction of systemic adverse reactions.