Tracheobronchial stenosis in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis: histopathological findings and long-term outcome

The majority of patients with GPA and TBS experience recurring airway stenoses. GPA-characteristic findings are seen in approximately one in five tracheobronchial biopsies obtained from GPA patients with TBS. A biopsy could be of clinical value in the diagnostic process or to exclude other causes of stenosis.