A Case of Intercurrent Dengue and Probable Relapsing Plasmodium vivax Malaria in a Returned Traveler to India: Case Report and Literature Review

Dengue and malaria are common vector-borne tropical diseases and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Co-infection of dengue and malaria is underestimated due to parsimonious diagnostic approaches once the diagnosis of either is made, particularly using point-of-care assays, such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). We present a case of dengue and <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> co-infection in a returned traveler from an endemic region, in whom the epidemiology and clinical course are highly suggestive of dengue triggering a <i>P. vivax</i> relapse. The literature on the co-occurrence of dengue and malaria in travelers is reviewed, as is the state of knowledge surrounding dengue as a precipitant to relapsing malaria.