Well-being, physical activity and health promotion among officers and ratings on board cargo ships: A cross-sectional study

The impaired well-being of seafarers compared to shore-based reference groups underscores the need for targeted, digital interventions to improve the health and well-being of seafarers. The findings highlight significant differences in well-being, physical activity, and interest in health promotion between officers and ratings. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to better understand the causal relationships between occupational and socio-demographic factors with health outcomes among seafarers.