Biomedical potential, optical properties, and morphological features of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using <i>Acacia nilotica</i> fruit extract under visible light

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using Acacia nilotica fruits extract, as confirmed by a color change and a UV-Vis plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm. Fluorescence analysis revealed emission peaks at 441 and 467 nm, suggesting phytochemical involvement. DLS and TEM analyses showed nanoparticles averaging 61.73 nm with low polydispersity and spherical morphology. EDS confirmed high silver content (86%), while FTIR analysis identified the possible functional groups responsible for nanoparticle stabilization and reduction. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs with fcc silver peaks. Cytotoxicity studies using MTT assay showed dose-dependent effects on HepG2 and A549 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 15.15 and 19.09 µg/ml, respectively. Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity against several bacteria and moderate activity against fungi. These findings highlight the potential of A. nilotica-derived AgNPs for green synthesis with promising for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.