Finite Control Set Model Predictive Voltage Control for a Three-Level NPC Inverter in Islanded Vehicle-to-Load Operation

Vehicle-to-Load (V2L) technology enables electric vehicles to function as decentralized power sources, providing critical backup power in off-grid and emergency scenarios where precise voltage control is essential. However, achieving stable voltage regulation and high power quality under such conditions remains a significant challenge. This paper investigates the application of Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) to a three-level Neutral Point-Clamped (3L-NPC) inverter to address this issue. A detailed mathematical model is developed, capturing the coupled voltage-current dynamics within a predictive control framework. To enhance computational efficiency, the controller is implemented in its fundamental form, excluding weighted cost terms, switching penalties, and observers. The performance is evaluated through simulations under steady-state and dynamic loading conditions and benchmarked against IEEE standards. Results demonstrate fast voltage regulation, very low harmonic distortion, and effective neutral-point balancing, confirming the viability of FCS-MPC for high-performance V2L systems. These findings highlight FCS-MPC as a highly effective and computationally efficient control strategy for V2L applications.