A Robust Voltage-Based Intrusion Detection System for In-Vehicle Network

As the most widely used in-vehicle network, the controller area network bus lacks effective encryption and authentication mechanisms, exposing it to significant security threats. Voltage-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs), which detect malicious frames and locate attackers by establishing voltage fingerprints, have attracted widespread attention from researchers. However, the voltage signals of frames are vulnerable to temperature variations, leading to false positives and false negatives in voltage-based IDS. To address this, researchers have proposed the scheme that involves frequently updating voltage fingerprints and the temperature compensation-based scheme. Unfortunately, frequent updates to voltage fingerprints have been shown to be vulnerable to poisoning attacks, while the temperature compensation-based approach requires knowledge of the sender node's temperature. To this end, we propose utilizing robust voltage features to develop a robust voltage-based IDS without knowing sender node's temperature. Experiments conducted on both the prototype and real vehicle show that, compared to existing mainstream voltage-based IDS, our system demonstrates superior robustness under temperature variations. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to detect intrusion by collecting voltage signals and extracting their features on resource-constrained device. Our system also includes an alarm module, which can trigger a buzzer to alert the driver when the intrusion is detected.