TLM-Based Models to Represent Propagation Studies: A Grounding Systems Application

This paper proposes an analytical formulation for wave propagation studies based on the Transmission Line Modeling (TLM) method. The main contribution of this work is the development of explicit TLM node models, enabling the numerical implementation of the method. The proposed methodology is applied to the analysis of electromagnetic transients in grounding systems. Starting with a brief theoretical background, four types of nodes are derived, allowing for the representation of TLM meshes. A detailed case study demonstrates the application of the proposed formulation and its accuracy. A large-scale structure with asymmetrical geometry is also analyzed, showcasing the potential of the methodology for transient studies in grounding grids. Among the attributes of the numerical model, its computational performance stands out, emphasizing its applicability in assessing more complex electrode configurations.