A Techno-Economic Assessment of Integrated Photovoltaic Battery Storage Systems for Industrial Applications in Northern Italy

Integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems with battery energy storage (BESS) is a promising way to increase selfconsumption, reduce peak demand, and improve the economic performance of energy-intensive industrial facilities. This analysis aligns with the goals of Intelligent Electric Mobility Systems by focusing on battery storage integration and grid interaction for sustainable transport and provides a comprehensive technical and economic evaluation of a 600 kW PV array connected to a 600 kWh lithium-ion BESS at an industrial facility in northern Italy. An hourly model is used to evaluate three key metrics over a 30 -year period: the Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE), the Levelised Cost of Use (LCOU) and the Levelised Cost of Storage (LCOS). Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the effects of system size, investment costs, the user's load profile and variations in the discount rate. The proposed methodology provides designers and decision-makers with a transparent framework for sizing and operating PV with BESS assets under evolving Italian tariffs and technology costs. It identifies the technical and economic factors that transform such projects from marginal to attractive investments.