mmWave ICAS Channel Analysis at 28 GHz for Street Intersection Scenario

This paper presents a millimeter-wave (mmWave) Integrated Communication and Sensing (ICAS) channel analysis for the Frequency Range 2 (FR2) band at 28 GHz in a street intersection scenario. ICAS has emerged as a potential new feature in sixth-generation (6G) communication systems, offering the possibility of unlocking new markets using Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technology. Additionally, the advanced sensing capabilities of 6G technology can help address the growing hardware demands of ultra-fast mmWave communications. For example, an mmWave-V2X communication module may provide radar data to enhance or validate existing sensors. Furthermore, standardized ICAS architectures can help mitigate radar interference challenges in automotive environments. This paper focuses on the analysis of the dynamic effects of Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) in a crowded street intersection scenario. To understand the challenges of ICAS system in dynamic environments, ray tracing simulations are conducted at 28 GHz, to obtain the stochastic channel parameters, such as delay spread, angular spreads, and received power. The dynamic evolution of the channel is further analyzed for the potential sensing purposes such as in-vehicle sensor fusion and bi-static sensing for hidden object detection. The results provide insights into the development and testing of 6G ICAS systems for automotive use cases.