Application-Level E2E Demonstration of Reducing Uplink Jitter Due to Radio Transmission Toward Real-Time and Stable Remote Operation

We experimentally demonstrate real-time end-to-end (E2E) uplink video streaming with our proposed jitter reduction technique for the use case of remote operation. One challenge is that the uplink video quality for remote operation is degraded by jitter due to the radio transmission scheme, such as time division duplexing (TDD), retransmission of lost data units, and data unit concatenation. The proposed technique executes traffic shaping at a router behind a next generation node B (gNB) in a mobile network by using the traffic information obtained from the gNB to calculate the optimal shaping rate. To evaluate the application-level performance of the jitter reduction technique, we carried out E2E uplink video streaming experiments using actual user equipment (UE), gNB, core node, and video server, including actual radio transmission and traffic shaping with the jitter reduction technique at an actual router. Experimental results of evaluating video frame intervals with real-time transport protocol (RTP) header information show that the ratio of video frame intervals that fell within ±5% of the ideal video frame interval value improved from 8.8% without shaping to 20.8% with shaping. These results experimentally demonstrate that jitter due to radio transmission actually degrades video quality in terms of video frame intervals and that the proposed jitter reduction technique effectively reduces it.