Coverage Analysis for Directional Ad Hoc Networks with Imperfect Beam Alignment

This paper analyzes the impact of beam alignment errors (BAE) on directional ad hoc networks and proposes a new angular error model that derives angular errors from positional errors, overcoming limitations of existing models that assume fixed angular error variance. We derive the probability density function (PDF) of antenna gain for both flat-top and Gaussian antenna models and analyze the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) coverage probability in Poisson networks. Numerical results show that the new model more accurately captures the effects of BAE on SINR coverage and main lobe alignment probability. The proposed model provides a more realistic understanding of beam misalignment effects in practical network scenarios.