A Multi-UAV Collaborative Positioning Algorithm for Ground Fake Base Station in Low-SNR Environment

Fake base stations pose a serious threat to communication security, and accurately locating these stations is essential for effectively managing this issue. To tackle the challenge of efficient and precise positioning of fake base stations over large areas, this paper proposes a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) group collaborative passive positioning algorithm that integrates multi-domain information. To initially identify the approximate region of the fake base station and approach it within a large-scale area, this paper introduces a dynamic approach algorithm to adjust the geometric layout of the UAV group based on Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) and Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA). Once the approximate location of the fake base station is identified, and considering that the UAV group can only capture the weak sidelobe signals leaked by the fake base station at high altitudes, this paper proposes a positioning algorithm that integrates both time-domain and phase-domain information to further enhance positioning accuracy and overcome noise interference.