A K-Band CMOS Beamforming Radio Technology and Integrated Antenna Array for High-Speed Mobile Vehicular Network

This paper describes a K-band CMOS beamforming radio technology and integrated antenna array for high-speed mobile vehicular network. The circuit diagrams and layouts of individual blocks of the beamforming IC, as well as the block diagram and layout of the entire beamforming chip, are presented. The beamforming IC demonstrated an output P1dB of 17.2 dBm at 23 GHz, with a receiver noise figure ranging from 3.22 to 3.87 dB across the 21–23 GHz band. Integrated with a proximity dipole antenna, a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$4 \times 4$</tex> channel wireless beamforming test achieved beam coverage results of ±45 degree. The implemented beamforming chip is designed and manufactured to enable transmission and reception up to 550 meter using a 600 MHz, 64QAM signal.