Energy Aware Throughput Maximization in Tag-to-Multiple-Tag Backscattering Networks

Backscatter tag-to-tag networks offer a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for large-scale Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. In this paper, we propose a novel backscatter tag-to-multiple-tag network protocol based on a dual-phase system, partitioning the operational time into energy-harvesting and backscatter-communication phases. By utilising a multi-antenna reader and jointly optimising the beamforming vectors for the dual-phase problem, our design maximises the sum-throughput and substantially enhances overall system performance. To solve the non-convex transceiver optimisation problem, we derive closed-form solutions for the first phase and employ fractional programming with semidefinite relaxation for the second phase. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution and provide valuable insights for practical deployment, achieving an enhancement of around 3 dB over the benchmarks.