Associations of six insulin resistance-related indices with the risk and progression of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity: evidence from the UK biobank

In summary, IR-related indices, particularly TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, and METS-IR, were observed to be associated with the presence and progression of CRM diseases. Their potential incorporation into risk assessment and prevention strategies, together with consideration of inflammatory and organ function pathways, might help reduce the burden of CRM multimorbidity; however, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and clarify their clinical relevance.