Miniaturized High-Gain Meander-Line Endfire Antenna Based on Reverse Axial Mode Mounted on Large-Scale Ground Plane

This letter introduces an innovative design methodology for compact high-gain endfire antenna mounted on large-scale ground plane. The suggested design has a distinctive planar meander-line endfire radiator utilizing the reverse axial mode, providing structural benefits for planar miniaturization. Secondly, we offer a comprehensive theoretical derivation that elucidates the connection between the radiator and phase constant via mathematical formulations. Then, according to the theoretical derivation, the phase constant of the suggested antenna can fulfill the reverse Hansen-Woodyard (H-W) requirement, thereby attaining a high gain and a high gain-length ratio (G/L ratio). Additionally, the letter outlines a definitive design approach based on the distinctive structure and theoretical derivation, enabling rapid design and implementation. Finally, to validate the proposed method, a prototype was fabricated and measured. The antenna, featuring compact radiator dimensions of 0.82<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> × 0.22<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> × 0.02<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, exhibits a high gain of 12.0 dBi and a high G/L ratio of 19.3.