Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among U.S. Medical Residents in High-Exposure-Risk Specialties – A National Study

Background. HPV vaccination is not required for the United States (U.S.) medical residents, despite their potentially high risk of iatrogenic exposure to the virus. We aim to evaluate vaccination status, patterns of HPV vaccine uptake, and perceived risk of iatrogenic infection among residents in high-exposure-risk specialties. Methods. In spring 2023, an anonymous online survey was distributed via program directors and coordinators of all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited Obstetrics & Gynecology, Family Medicine, Otolaryngology, and Dermatology training programs to assess residents’ vaccination status, HPV exposure, and HPV vaccine knowledge. Results. Responses from 537 residents at programs located in 42/52 U.S. states/territories showed that 91% of females and 62% of males were at least partially vaccinated (p < 0.01), and 77% who were unvaccinated would consider vaccination in the future. Overall, 47% of residents estimated treating ≥ 26 cases/year of HPV-related disease, and 85% perceived a mild to high risk of iatrogenic exposure. Finally, 90% were familiar with the CDC’s HPV vaccination schedule, 92% felt comfortable counseling patients about the vaccine, and 99% agreed the vaccine provides protection to male and female patients. Conclusion. This study found a 16% rate of non-vaccination, with men much less likely to be vaccinated, despite most residents feeling at risk of iatrogenic exposure. Additionally, despite nearly unanimous agreement that the HPV vaccine provides protection to patients, only 60% of residents routinely recommended vaccination to all eligible patients. These findings demonstrate potential opportunities to increase HPV vaccine uptake among residents who treat HPV-related diseases and to improve vaccination counseling for their patients.