Optimization and Performance Evaluation of 3D-Printed Electrodes Scaffold for 3D Battery

Abstract This paper presents the design, fabrication, and optimization of a 3D-printed electrode for 3D battery applications. The electrode is produced using additive manufacturing, followed by a copper coating process to enhance its electrical conductivity. A comprehensive evaluation of key fabrication parameters, including copper coating temperature, deposition time, and the orientation of the 3D-printed structure, is performed to assess their influence on the electrode’s resistance. The study reveals a strong dependency of the electrical resistance on these variables, providing valuable insights into the optimization of conductive pathways in 3D batteries. To demonstrate the developed electrode’s functionality, it was successfully integrated into an electrical circuit to power an LED, illustrating its capability as a porous electrode in the 3D battery. This technological advancement enables 3D-printed batteries to exhibit exceptional characteristics, including customizable dimensions, high shape conformability, and improved energy and power densities. Although this work primarily focuses on the optimization of the electrode’s electrical properties, the results suggest significant potential for broader applications in various advanced fields, including microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), optoelectronics, energy storage, biomedical devices, flexible sensors, actuators, metamaterials, and microfluidic systems. These findings highlight the promise of 3D-printed electrodes as integral components in future battery technologies. This article aims to inspire innovative approaches in the design and fabrication of next-generation 3D-printed batteries.