Detection of Magnesium in Saliva: Current and Developing Methods

Determination of special biomarkers in the detection of diseases and the ability to perform early diagnosis that increases the chance of life of individuals by using these biomarkers are among the most trendy topics today. Magnesium (Mg) is among the most important of these biomarkers, but it is the least studied. These ions play an important role in the physiological and pathological structures of humans. Body fluids such as blood, urine, and sweat provide various information about the human body. The amount of Mg, an ion that stands out with its presence in the composition of saliva and being among the first four most common elements in the body, provides information about various pathological conditions such as parotid malignant tumor, digitalis toxicity, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and erosion of tooth enamel in the mouth. It has recently become a significant source of interest due to the fact that it provides information about diseases or the spread of diseases, that saliva is an invasive method, and that it promises hope for current clinical studies. This study focuses on the methods used for the detection and quantification of Mg in saliva, the studies conducted and the results obtained. For this purpose, a systematic review was conducted on electronic databases using the links of the words ‘saliva’, ‘magnesium’, ‘methods’ and during the review phase, studies conducted in the last 6 years were scanned and current studies were compiled. The methods were evaluated under two main headings and each heading was discussed separately. The effects of the presented methods on improving health were tried to be revealed with their advantages and disadvantages and a valuable contribution was made to the literature.