Enhanced Technology Adoption Model for Diabetes Self-Management using Mobile Health: Insights from UNRWA Healthcare Providers

This study aimed to develop and validate a mobile health (mHealth) adoption model for self-care management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the perspective of healthcare providers (HCPs) in primary United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) healthcare centers. A structured questionnaire was administered to HCPs, capturing socio-demographic information and eleven dimensions of mHealth use: Task Requirement, Task Technology Fit, Tool Functioning, Actual Tool Use, Intention to Use, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Behavior, Individual Performance, Perceived Self-Efficacy, and Outcome Expectation. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in AMOS 21. The results showed that Perceived Ease of Use (β = 0.928, p < .001) was the most influential factor affecting Actual Tool Use, whereas Task Requirement (β = 0.528, p < .001) had the lowest impact on Task Technology Fit. Task Technology Fit was significantly influenced by Task Requirement and Tool Functioning but did not directly affect Actual Mobile Use. These findings confirm the robustness of the proposed model in capturing key determinants of mHealth adoption and provide actionable insights for designing effective, user-centric mHealth interventions to support diabetes self-management among HCPs.