Artificial Intelligence – a Vector for Crime and a Tool for Carrying Out Criminal Justice

This study aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in both criminal activity and the criminal justice system. It highlights the dual nature of AI’s technological advancement: on one hand, its negative aspect, as it enhances the capabilities and efficiency of criminal operations; and on the other hand, its positive potential in strengthening cybersecurity measures. AI can serve as a powerful instrument for criminal conduct, which in turn necessitates its deployment in predictive policing and the more effective attribution and investigation of crimes. Artificial intelligence technology has an essential role in everyday life, in all areas of economic-social life, being the obvious beneficial effect on the whole culture; especially, however, we need to be aware of the negative effects in the field of cybercrime, as AI can help criminals become more sophisticated and scalable, consequently more difficult to detect. Therefore, the rapid progress of information and communication technology is likely to constitute a mechanism for criminal actors to facilitate the commission of crimes, not only by expanding and changing the inherent nature of existing threats, but also by creating new threats.vWithout well-enforced national and international legislation, cyber security is seriously affected and the management of criminal activities becomes increasingly difficult to achieve, which is a significant concern for law enforcement authorities. Using artificial intelligence in investigations is likely to improve and speed up criminal justice work; In fact, this tool is becoming increasingly useful for detecting crime and preventing illegal activities. But on the other hand, through the ability of artificial intelligence to quickly analyse large amounts of data, there is a flagrant violation of the rights and freedoms of individuals, which is a real challenge for criminal justice. In this respect, it is therefore important to develop a legal framework to ensure the responsible use of AI. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Crime; Criminal justice; Cyber security; Legal framework; Responsibility.