Genomic Clues and Phenotypic Views: A High-Throughput Perspective on Trait Discovery

The use of molecular marker technologies has significantly advanced biological sciences and plant genetic analysis, particularly in revealing individual variations in DNA sequence. Molecular markers are useful tools in plants, particularly in marker-assisted selection, genome-wide association studies and QTL identification that impacts complicated hereditary traits. As the development of genomic tools in plant breeding and our knowledge of plant genomes increases, rapid and high-throughput phenotyping methods continue to be discussed as significant improvement applications in plant breeding programs. Since quantitative traits such as yield traits, quality traits, and resistance to abiotic/biotic stress factors in plants are an element that determines the indirect effects of both genetic and environmental factors and their interactions, phenotyping is a critical element in crop development. High-throughput phenotyping methods capture changes in environmental factors more sensitively compared to traditional applications, and thus selection efficiency is successfully increased. Correct and ethical use of genomic technologies with high-throughput phenotyping techniques is critical for long-term success and sustainability in the agricultural sector. In this review, the use of molecular marker technologies developed in integration with plant breeding in mapping studies and studies on the use of high-throughput phenotyping technologies in plant breeding are discussed.