Caperonieae and Ditaxeae (Acalyphoideae, Euphorbiaceae) tribes in Uruguay

Background and aims: Caperonieae and Ditaxeae (Euphorbiaceae) comprise approximately 130 species and are widely distributed in the New World, except for seven Caperonieae species that occur in Africa. Both tribes are well characterized morphologically and are monophyletic. The tribe Caperonieae is monogeneric, and Ditaxeae comprises two genera: Argythamnia and Chiropetalum. After field work and study of collections in several herbaria, we present a synopsis of Caperonieae and Ditaxeae from Uruguay. M&M: Morphological analyses were conducted on herbarium specimens, high-resolution images of herbarium material, type collections, and plants directly observed in the field. For the biogeographic distribution analyses, iNaturalist occurrence records verified by us were also included. Results: Our study recorded nine species belonging to tribe Ditaxeae and five belonging to tribe Caperonieae in Uruguay. We provide identification keys, updated nomenclature, morphological descriptions, distribution and habitat observations, maps, phenology, and image plates for all species. Conclusions: This study provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the Caperonieae and Ditaxeae species for the flora of Uruguay, contributing valuable insights to their taxonomy and distribution.