Evolución del perfil microbiológico en pacientes con leucemia linfoblástica aguda

Introduction: Infections during chemotherapy cycles in patients with acute lymphoblasticleukemia (ALL) are a common complication, particularly during periods of treatment-induced neutropenia. Several studies have reported an increase in infections caused bymultidrug-resistant bacteria, posing a significant challenge in clinical management. Materialsand Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted, includingpatients over 16 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of ALL and at least one positive bloodculture. Bacterial isolates and their association with mortality were analyzed usingdescriptive statistics and logistic regression to identify associated factors. Results: A total of110 isolates were identified, with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the mostcommon species, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.Opportunistic pathogens such as Burkholderia spp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophiliashowed a stronger association with mortality. Multivariate regression revealed thatBurkholderia spp. was independently associated with increased risk of death. Discussion:Over time, the bacterial profile in patients with ALL has evolved, although certain pathogensremain prevalent across different periods. This highlights the importance of updatingneutropenia management protocols according to the bacteriological epidemiology of eachcenter. In our hospital, Burkholderia spp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were identifiedas the most lethal bacteria,