Physical, physicochemical and nutritional properties of low chill apple varieties (Anna and Golden Dorsett) grown in the highlands of Uganda

Two low chill apple varieties namely; Anna and Golden Dorsett were introduced in Uganda in 1999 and are currently grown as cash crops in Kigezi, Rwenzori and Elgon highlands. However, little is known about their physical, physicochemical and nutritional properties. This study compared these two varieties with the commonly imported apple variety (Cripps Red). The results indicated that Anna and Golden Dorsett had significantly higher (p < 0.05) fruit weight (104.2 and 124.9 g) compared to Cripps Red (100.8 g), and larger diameters (63.2 and 62.2 mm versus 61.3 mm respectively). Fruit firmness was also higher in Anna (24.6 N) and Golden Dorsett (28.6 N) than in Cripps Red (21.3 N). The percentage juice yield was highest in Golden Dorsett (72.2%), followed by Cripps Red (64.5%) and Anna (38.8%). Total Soluble Solids (TSS) was higher in Anna and Cripps Red (12°Brix) compared to Golden Dorsett (11°Brix). The pH levels were lower in Anna (3.5) and Golden Dorsett (3.5) than Cripps Red (3. 8). Vitamin C content was higher in Cripps Red (5.5 mg/100 g) compared to Anna (3.9 mg/100 g) and Golden Dorsett (3.9 mg/100 g). β-carotene was higher in Anna (0.04 RAE mg/100 g) compared to Golden Dorsett (0.03 RAE mg/100 g) and Cripps Red (0.01 RAE mg/100 g). Calcium content was highest in Golden Dorsett (7.5 mg/100 g) followed by Anna (7.1 mg/100 g) and Cripps Red (2.9 mg/100 g). The high TSS, juice yield, β‐carotene and calcium in apple varieties grown in Uganda suggest that they provide better benefits for fresh consumption and industrial use.