From efficiency to sustainability: organic additives for interfacial regulation in lithium metal batteries

The utilization of lithium (Li) metal anodes is gaining renewed attention due to the increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and the continuous rise in traditional energy consumption. These Li metal anodes exhibit a high theoretical discharge capacity (3860 mAh g^-1) and an ultra-low redox potential (-3.04 V <i>vs.</i> the SHE), making them the coveted "Holy Grail" for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, challenges in terms of uncontrolled formation of Li dendrites, instability in the solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) layer, and numerous parasitic reactions have hindered the commercialization of Li metal anodes. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the appropriate utilization of organic additives as a long-term, stable, cost-effective, and practical approach to enhancing their stability. The present review investigates the effects of various types and molecular weights of organic additives on the preservation of Li metal anodes and their influence on SEI membrane modification. Finally, we offer valuable insights into the prospective development trajectory of organic additives that are compatible with Li metal anodes.