Dual-functional CuHP/Mg-CaP/PLLA nanofibrous scaffold for photothermal anti-infection therapy and enhanced bone regeneration

Infected bone defects are characterised by inadequate local blood supply and the formation of bacterial biofilms, which impede bone tissue regeneration and repair, presenting a significant clinical challenge. In this study, we developed a bifunctional scaffold combining near-infrared (NIR)-responsive antibacterial activity with osteogenic properties by co-electrospinning photothermally active copper hydroxyphosphate (Cu₂(OH)PO₄, CuHP) and osteogenic magnesium-calcium phosphate (Mg-CaP) into poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes. Near-infrared (NIR) irradiation activates the photothermal response of CuHP in nanofiber membrane scaffolds, effectively killing bacteria through photothermal therapy (PTT), while the released Mg-CaP synergistically promotes osteogenesis. Animal studies have revealed that the scaffold effectively inhibit infections while accelerating bone healing, offering a promising strategy for infected bone defects.