Prevalence of Traditional East Asian Medicine Patterns among Older Adults with Sarcopenia: a systematic review of observational studies

Based on a methodologically rigorous meta-analysis of studies with exclusive diagnoses, the predominant TEAM patterns in sarcopenia are liver-kidney deficiency, spleen-stomach damp-heat and spleen-stomach deficiency. These distinct patterns may reflect different pathophysiological characteristics and support individualized treatment approaches. The evidence is limited by the poor quality of primary studies, highlighting an urgent need for high-quality research with standardized diagnostic criteria.