Lifecycle Prediction for Tobacco Products Using IGWO-Optimized CNN-GRU Network

Accurate prediction of product lifecycle stages is crucial for enhancing inventory turnover and strategic planning in the tobacco industry. This paper proposes an intelligent prediction model that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), further optimized by an Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO). The model fuses multi-source enterprise data—including sales trends, IoT logistics information, environmental conditions, and inventory records—to dynamically forecast lifecycle stages and remaining durations. The dataset comprises 180,000 labeled samples collected from real-world tobacco enterprise operations, encompassing multi-source variables such as sales volume, inventory changes, logistics routes, and environmental feedback. Experimental evaluations based on this dataset demonstrate that the proposed IGWO-CNN-GRU model achieves a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 2.13, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.17, and an R² of 0.932, significantly outperforming baseline models. In practical deployment simulations, the prediction deviation is limited to ±5 days, improving allocation efficiency and reducing inventory risks. The approach provides a robust and adaptable solution for full-lifecycle management in tobacco supply chains, offering practical value for intelligent production and market deployment strategies.