Innovaciones y Perspectivas en la Agricultura Moderna: Genética, Sostenibilidad y Tecnologías Emergentes

Drought and climate change are severely affecting key crops in Mexico, with maize production dropping up to 40%. Technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 allow precise genetic improvements without introducing foreign DNA, making crops more resistant to stress and disease. Novel delivery methods using DNA-RNA origamis and carbon nanotubes enable transient plant transformation without genome modification. New tools using mRNA, siRNA, and other nucleic acids offer programmable stress response systems tailored to environmental conditions. Adapted from biomedical applications, mRNA technology is emerging as a biostimulant that reduces pesticide use and boosts yields. Biostimulant costs vary but can significantly improve profitability. The global market is expected to reach $7.5 billion by 2033, driven by eco-friendly farming trends. While some countries accept gene-edited crops outside GMO regulations, Mexico lacks specific rules and regulations for the technology but academic efforts continue to make progress.