Dynamic Modeling, Control, and Upscaling of Solar-Hybridized Biomass Gasification for Continuous and Stabilized Syngas Fuel Production

Solar biomass gasification results in reducing CO2 emissions while saving biomass resources and producing higher-quality syngas when compared with conventional autothermal processes that require partial feedstock combustion for supplying the process heat. However, the solar process suffers from inherent barriers related to the variability of solar energy caused by cloud passages and shutdowns at night. The concept of hybrid solar gasification thus appears attractive for continuous and stabilized operation under intermittent or variable solar irradiation. This study addresses the dynamic simulation and control of hybrid solar–autothermal biomass gasification for continuous and stabilized syngas fuel production. A hybridization path with a constant H2 + CO production was retained, and this control strategy was implemented in a second-by-second dynamic optimization problem using a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. Its feasibility was demonstrated both at the small scale and industrial scale, and daily to yearly performance results were provided. For a 10 MW hybrid gasifier, the yearly solar heat share was 22% for a controlled 1000 NL/s production rate of H2 + CO (corresponding to the complete allothermal gasification of ~2 t/h of wood at 1200 K), and this decreased with increasing H2 + CO production objectives (17.4% at 1300 NL/s). A total of 24,200 t of wood feedstock and 8290 t of O2 were required annually to generate 1410 t of H2 and 19,200 t of CO, with a 1.03 average H2:CO molar ratio. In addition, solar-only gasification and hybridization with external heating were also assessed. External auxiliary heating might be as efficient as in situ oxy-combustion and would not affect syngas composition by contamination from combustion products throughout hybridization. However, similar to external heat storage, the related thermal efficiency and heat losses must be considered.