Anti-Müllerian Hormone Gene Polymorphisms: Global Perspectives and Arab Population Insights

Introduction: Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) gene polymorphisms significantly impact ovarian function, follicular development, and fertility outcomes. This review explores the global distribution of AMH gene polymorphisms, emphasizing unique genetic patterns in Arab populations due to high genetic diversity and consanguinity. Methods: The review examines methodologies such as genetic analysis and hormone level measurement, along with their application in understanding AMH polymorphisms. It integrates findings from diverse populations to explore genetic, hormonal, and clinical correlations. Results: Findings indicate a distinct distribution of AMH gene polymorphisms in Arab countries. These polymorphisms are associated with variations in hormonal profiles, ovarian reserve, and reproductive outcomes, particularly in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Conclusion: AMH gene polymorphisms have profound implications for reproductive health and fertility treatments. Tailored research addressing genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors is essential to understanding these polymorphisms and their interactions. This review underscores the importance of genetic screening and highlights potential advancements in personalized medicine and fertility care.